1991 PRELIMINARY RESULTS:
Thank you to all who participated in the Pro Football Hall of Fame Revisited Project. If you are still determining what that is, we acted like the PFHOF had its first class in January 1946.
We have completed the first 46 years.
For “1991,” a Preliminary Vote with close to 100 players whose playing career ended by 1990. We also follow the structure in which players have 20 years of eligibility, and if they do not make it into the Hall, they are relegated to the Senior Pool.
Each voter was asked to select 25 names from the preliminary list, and the top 25 vote-getters were named Semi-Finalists.
A week later, the voters will be asked to select 15 names from the 25 Semi-Finalists and then choose five from the remaining 15. We will continue this process every week until we catch up to the current year.
Please note that a significant change occurred “years ago,” allowing voters to submit fewer than the allotted spots.
31 Votes took place.
This is for the “Modern Era”
Bold indicates they advanced to the Semi-Finals:
*Indicates they have been removed from future ballots
|
Player |
Year of Eligibility |
Vote Total |
|
Ron Yary T |
4 |
25 |
|
Earl Campbell RB |
1 |
25 |
|
Roger Wehrli DB |
4 |
24 |
|
Lee Roy Selmon DE |
2 |
23 |
|
John Hannah G |
1 |
23 |
|
Randy Gradishar LB |
3 |
22 |
|
Dave Casper TE |
2 |
20 |
|
Tom Mack G |
8 |
19 |
|
Dave Wilcox LB |
12 |
18 |
|
Tommy Nobis LB |
10 |
16 |
|
Jackie Smith TE |
8 |
16 |
|
Bob Griese QB |
6 |
16 |
|
Dave Robinson LB |
12 |
15 |
|
Elvin Bethea DE |
3 |
15 |
|
Joe DeLamielleure G |
1 |
15 |
|
John Riggins RB-FB |
1 |
15 |
|
L.C. Greenwood DE |
5 |
14 |
|
Claude Humprhrey DE |
5 |
14 |
|
Robert Brazile LB |
2 |
14 |
|
Ken Stabler QB |
2 |
14 |
|
Cliff Branch WR |
1 |
14 |
|
Gino Cappelletti FL-SE-DB-WR-PK |
16 |
13 |
|
Dick LeBeau DB |
14 |
13 |
|
George Kunz T |
6 |
13 |
|
Chris Hanburger LB |
8 |
12 |
|
Lynn Swann WR |
4 |
12 |
|
*Pete Retzlaff E-HB-TE |
20 |
11 |
|
Bob Kuechenberg G-T-C |
3 |
11 |
|
*Joe Fortunato LB |
20 |
9 |
|
Bobby Boyd DB |
18 |
9 |
|
Dick Schafrath T-G-DE |
15 |
8 |
|
Otis Taylor WR-FL |
11 |
8 |
|
Lemar Parrish DB |
4 |
8 |
|
Drew Pearson WR |
3 |
8 |
|
Fred Dean DE |
1 |
8 |
|
Jim Marshall DE |
7 |
7 |
|
Curley Culp DT-NT |
5 |
7 |
|
Harold Carmichael WR |
2 |
7 |
|
Jan Stenerud PK |
1 |
7 |
|
Roger Brown DT |
17 |
6 |
|
Ed Budde G |
10 |
6 |
|
Andy Russell LB |
10 |
6 |
|
Chuck Foreman RB |
6 |
6 |
|
*Rosey Grier DT-DE |
20 |
5 |
|
Art Powell E |
17 |
5 |
|
Walt Sweeney G |
11 |
5 |
|
Harold Jackson WR |
3 |
5 |
|
Lyle Alzado DE |
1 |
5 |
|
Fuzzy Thurston G |
18 |
4 |
|
Larry Grantham LB |
14 |
4 |
|
Winston Hill T |
9 |
4 |
|
Cliff Harris S |
7 |
4 |
|
Harvey Martin DE |
3 |
4 |
|
Rick Upchurch WR/R |
3 |
4 |
|
Joe Theismann QB |
1 |
4 |
|
*Earl Faison DE |
20 |
3 |
|
Bob Talamini G |
18 |
3 |
|
Dave Grayson DB |
16 |
3 |
|
Houston Antwine DT |
14 |
3 |
|
Floyd Little RB |
11 |
3 |
|
Dick Anderson DB |
9 |
3 |
|
Jim Bakken PK |
8 |
3 |
|
Bill Bergey LB |
6 |
3 |
|
Ken Riley DB |
3 |
3 |
|
Billy Sims RB |
2 |
3 |
|
Doug Wilkerson G |
2 |
3 |
|
Matt Blair LB |
1 |
3 |
|
Erich Barnes DB |
15 |
2 |
|
Rich Jackson DE |
14 |
2 |
|
Mike Stratton LB |
13 |
2 |
|
Daryle Lamonica QB |
12 |
2 |
|
Gale Gillingham G-DT |
10 |
2 |
|
Ernie McMillan T |
10 |
2 |
|
Pat Fischer CB |
9 |
2 |
|
Jerry Smith TE |
9 |
2 |
|
Lydell Mitchell RB |
6 |
2 |
|
Calvin Hill RB |
5 |
2 |
|
Mel Gray WR |
4 |
2 |
|
Ed White G |
1 |
2 |
|
Cookie Gilchrist FB |
19 |
1 |
|
Goose Gonsoulin DB |
19 |
1 |
|
Abner Haynes HB |
19 |
1 |
|
Clem Daniels HB-DB |
18 |
1 |
|
Jim Katcavage DE-DT |
18 |
1 |
|
Don Meredith QB |
18 |
1 |
|
Babe Parilli QB |
17 |
1 |
|
Howard Mudd G |
16 |
1 |
|
Butch Byrd DB |
15 |
1 |
|
George Andrie DE |
14 |
1 |
|
George Saimes DB |
14 |
1 |
|
John Brodie QB |
13 |
1 |
|
Jim Nance RB-FB |
13 |
1 |
|
Cornell Green LB |
12 |
1 |
|
Larry Brown RB |
10 |
1 |
|
Lee Roy Jordan LB |
10 |
1 |
|
Bubba Smith DE |
10 |
1 |
|
Bill Stanfill DE |
10 |
1 |
|
Roman Gabriel QB |
9 |
1 |
|
Len Hauss C |
9 |
1 |
|
Ralph Neely T |
9 |
1 |
|
Mike Curtis LB-FB |
8 |
1 |
|
Ron McDole DE-DT |
8 |
1 |
|
Jake Scott DB |
8 |
1 |
|
George Atkinson DB |
7 |
1 |
|
Sam Cunningham QB |
6 |
1 |
|
Jack Tatum DB |
6 |
1 |
|
Mike Wagner DB |
6 |
1 |
|
Coy Bacon DE |
5 |
1 |
|
Bert Jones QB |
4 |
1 |
|
Isiah Robertson LB |
4 |
1 |
|
Leon Gray T |
3 |
1 |
|
Riley Odoms TE |
3 |
1 |
|
Phil Villapiano LB |
3 |
1 |
|
Jim Hart QB |
2 |
1 |
|
Gary Johnson DT |
1 |
1 |
|
Max McGee E |
19 |
0 |
|
*John David Crow HB-TE-FB |
18 |
0 |
|
Jack Kemp QB |
17 |
0 |
|
*Billy Cannon TE-HB |
16 |
0 |
|
*E.J. Holub LB-C |
16 |
0 |
|
Boyd Dowler FL-SE-LB |
15 |
0 |
|
*Matt Snell RB |
14 |
0 |
|
Carroll Dale WR-E |
13 |
0 |
|
Bob Jeter DB-WR |
13 |
0 |
|
John Niland G |
11 |
0 |
|
*Dwight White DE |
6 |
0 |
|
Ken Burrough WR |
5 |
0 |
|
Fred Dryer DE |
5 |
0 |
|
Lawrence McCutchen RB |
5 |
0 |
|
Rich Saul C |
5 |
0 |
|
*Isaac Curtis WR |
2 |
0 |
|
*Louie Kelcher DT-NT |
2 |
0 |
|
*Reggie McKenzie G |
2 |
0 |
|
*Ed Newman G |
2 |
0 |
|
*Greg Pruitt RB |
2 |
0 |
|
Doug English DT |
1 |
0 |
|
Gary Green DB |
1 |
0 |
|
John Jefferson WR |
1 |
0 |
This is for the Senior Era
Bold indicates they advanced to the Semi-Finals:
*Indicates that they will be removed from the ballot permanently.
|
Player |
Year |
Votes |
|
Pat Harder FB |
13 |
12 |
|
Marshall Goldberg FB |
18 |
11 |
|
Bill Osmanski FB |
19 |
8 |
|
Alan Ameche FB |
6 |
8 |
|
Charles Bidwill OWNER |
2 |
8 |
|
George Wilson E |
20 |
7 |
|
Ward Cuff WB-QB-HB |
19 |
6 |
|
Charlie Conerly QB |
5 |
6 |
|
Les Richter LB-C |
4 |
6 |
|
Greasy Neale COACH |
2 |
6 |
|
Dan Reeves OWNER |
2 |
6 |
|
Arch Ward CONTRIBUTOR |
2 |
6 |
|
Billy Wilson FL-E |
6 |
5 |
|
Woody Strode E |
17 |
4 |
|
Bruno Banducci G |
12 |
4 |
|
George Preston Marshall OWNER |
2 |
4 |
|
Baby Ray T |
18 |
3 |
|
Ray Bray G |
14 |
3 |
|
Tank Younger FB-LB-HB |
6 |
3 |
|
Harlon Hill E-DB |
4 |
3 |
|
Jim Ray Smith G-T |
2 |
3 |
|
Buster Ramsey G |
15 |
2 |
|
Les Bingaman DG-G-C |
12 |
2 |
|
Charley Brock C-HB-FB |
19 |
1 |
|
Frank Cope WB-QB-HB |
19 |
1 |
|
Paul Christman QB |
16 |
1 |
|
Spec Sanders TB |
16 |
1 |
|
Frankie Albert QB |
14 |
1 |
|
Bob Gain DT-DE-MG-T |
2 |
1 |
|
Bill Fischer T-G-DT |
13 |
0 |
|
Leon Hart E-FB-DE |
9 |
0 |
|
*Bobby Walston E-HB-PK |
4 |
0 |
|
Bill Forester LB-MG-DT |
3 |
0 |
This is for the “Coaches/Contributors”
Bold indicates they advanced to the Semi-Finals:
*Indicates that they will be removed from the ballot permanently.
|
Name |
Year |
Votes |
|
COACH: Bill Walsh |
1 |
28 |
|
COACH: Tom Landry |
1 |
27 |
|
OWNER: Tex Schramm |
12 |
14 |
|
OWNER: Wellington Mara |
5 |
14 |
|
EXEC: Jim Finks |
2 |
12 |
|
OWNER: Bud Adams |
10 |
7 |
|
TV EXEC: Roone Arledge |
5 |
7 |
|
TV COMMENTATOR: Howard Cosell |
5 |
5 |
|
OWNER: Clint Murchison |
10 |
4 |
|
COACH: Bill Arnsbarger |
6 |
4 |
|
COACH: Bum Phillips |
4 |
4 |
|
EXEC: George Halas Jr. |
12 |
3 |
|
OWNER: Art Modell |
6 |
3 |
|
COACH: Lindy Infante |
1 |
0 |
|
*EXEC: Don Klosterman |
6 |
0 |
|
COACH: Steve Ortmayer |
3 |
0 |
|
EXEC: Russ Thomas |
3 |
0 |
|
*COACH & EXEC: Abe Gibron |
2 |
0 |
|
*EXEC: Jim Kensil |
2 |
0 |
|
*EXEC: Mike Lynn |
2 |
0 |
|
OWNER/EXEC: Bill Bidwill |
1 |
0 |
|
OWNER: Hugh Culverhouse |
1 |
0 |
|
OWNER: Rankin Smith |
1 |
0 |
Next week, we will announce the Semi-Finalists for the 1991 Pro Football Hall of Fame Revisited Project.
Chris Paul announced that he is now retired from basketball in an Instagram post today. Paul, 40, was a 21-year veteran whose accolades include 11 All-NBA Selections, 12 All-Star Selections, nine All-Defensive Selections, two Olympic Gold Medals, and a spot on the NBA 75th Anniversary Team.
The celebrated Point Guard played for the New Orleans Pelicans, Los Angeles Clippers, Houston Rockets, Oklahoma City Thunder, Phoenix Suns, Golden State Warriors, and San Antonio Spurs, collecting 23,058 Points and retiring second all-time in Steals (2,728) and Assists (12,552). He is also a six-time Steals Leader, a five-time Assists Leader, the 2006 Rookie of the Year, and finished in the top ten in MVP voting ten times.
Paul had stated that this would be his last season, but he was unceremoniously told that he would no longer be on the roster after the Clippers’ December 1st loss to Miami. He was traded to the Raptors weeks later, but it was nothing more than a salary move for both teams.
While this was not the way that CP3 expected his career to end, his run in basketball has few peers. Already a member of the Naismith Basketball Hall of Fame with the 2008 Olympic Redeem Team, Paul is a lock to enter the Hall individually. He is eligible in 2029.
Thank you, Chris, for the memories!
The Naismith Basketball Hall of Fame has announced the Finalists for the Class of 2026
The Finalists are:
1996 U.S. Women’s National Olympic Team: This was one of the most dominant squads in Olympic history, averaging a 20-point-plus differential throughout the tournament. They beat Brazil in the Finals. The team consisted of Jennifer Azzi, Ruthie Bolton-Holifield, Teresa Edwards, Venus Lacy, Lisa Leslie, Rebecca Lobo, Katrina McClain, Nikki McCray, Carla McGhee, Dawn Staley, Katy Steding, and Sheryl Swoopes, with Tara VanderVeer as their Head Coach.
Jennifer Azzi (PLA): Azzi was the Naismith Basketball Player of the Year in 1990, leading Stanford to a National Championship. She was also on the gold medal-winning 1996 Olympic Women’s Team and won two more gold medals at the FIBA World Championship (1990 & 1998). She was also inducted into the Women’s Basketball Hall of Fame and was a Naismith Basketball Finalist in 2023.
Molly Bolin (PLA). Bolin was one of the biggest stars of the Women’s Professional Basketball League in the late 70s, the first pro basketball league for women. She was a three-time league All-Star and was the Co-MVP in 1980.
Tal Brody (COA). Brody played collegiately at Illinois, but after competing at the Maccabiah Games in Israel, he was asked to stay, which led to a successful career in which he put Maccabi Tel Aviv and Israeli basketball on the map, a tagline he is known for.
Joey Crawford (REF). Crawford was an NBA Referee from 1977 to 2016 and worked 50 NBA Finals Games. He was a controversial figure in the NBA, known for his confrontational and aggressive approach to assessing technical fouls.
Mike D’Antoni (COA). D’Antoni had a long and travelled career as a Coach throughout the NBA and Europe. In the United States, he is best known for leading Phoenix to two Conference Finals and his runs as the Head Coach for New York and Houston, and he is also a two-time NBA Coach of the Year. D’Antoni also won two Italian Leagues as Benneton Trevioso’s HC, and he owns two Olympic Gold Medals as an Assistant Coach for the United States.
Elena Delle Donne (PLA). Delle Donne was a superstar at the University of Delaware, where she was a two-time All-American. Professionally, she split her WNBA career between Chicago and Washington, winning a WNBA Title with the Mystics. She also won two WNBA MVPs, was a four-time First Team All-WNBA Selection, and a seven-time All-Star. She was also on the United States team that won the 2016 Gold Medal.
Mark Few (COA). Few are arguably the most important men in Gonzaga's history; as of this writing, he is still their head coach. He took the Bulldogs to two Final Fours (2017 & 2021) and won 19 WCC Tournaments. He is also a two-time Naismith Coach of the Year and a 12-time WCC Coach of the Year.
Blake Griffin (PLA): Griffin was one of the most exciting players in the first half of the 2010s and came as advertised after his 2009 National Player of the Year campaign at Oklahoma. Known for his powerful dunks and prolific rebounding, Griffin made the Los Angeles Clippers must-watch basketball. He won the 2011 Rookie of the Year, was a five-time All-NBA Selection (three Second Team and two Third Team), and a six-time All-Star.
Chamique Holdsclaw (PLA). Holdsclaw won three consecutive NCAA Championships at Tennessee (1996-98) and was the Naismith College Player of the Year in back-to-back seasons (1997 & 1998). Professionally, she went to six WNBA All-Star Games and won one Scoring Title and two Rebounding Titles in a career spent with Washington, Los Angeles, Atlanta, and San Antonio. She is already in the Women’s Basketball Hall of Fame.
Dusan Ivkovic (COA). A FIBA Hall of Fame inductee, Ivkovic played ten seasons for Radnicki Belgrade in the Yugoslavian League. Although the Point Guard had a nice career and was nominated as a player, he had far more success as a coach at the club level and for Yugoslavia and Serbia, winning three EuroBasket Gold Medals and a FIBA World Gold Medal in 1990.
Kevin Johnson (PLA). Johnson played his college ball at California and was drafted seventh by Cleveland, but was traded soon after to Phoenix, where he played the rest of his career. With the Suns, Johnson was a four-time Second Team, one-time Third Team All-NBA Selection with three All-Stars, and he scored 13,127 Points and 6,711 Assists in the Association.
Marques Johnson (PLA). Johnson was recently considered in the North American era and is now in the Veterans’ category. An NCAA Champion at UCLA, where he was the National College Player of the Year, Johnson was a one-time First Team All-NBA and two-time Second Team All-NBA Selection, and a five-time All-Star who mainly played with Milwaukee. He averaged 20.1 Points per Game, and also played for the Los Angeles Clippers and Golden State.
Gary McKnight (COA). One of the most successful Coaches on the high school level, McKnight led Mater Dei High School to a National Championship, 11 California State Titles, and 39 League Titles.
Dick Motta (COA). Motta helmed Weber State to three Big Sky Titles (and a Big Sky Coach of the Year), but his best work was in the NBA, where he coached the Washington Bullets to a championship in 1978. He was also the NBA Coach of the Year in 1971 with the Chicago Bulls and was the HC in the NBA for Dallas, Sacramento, and Denver.
Candace Parker (PLA). Considered one of the greatest women’s players of all time, Candace Parker won a truckload of awards at the University of Tennessee, capped by leading the Lady Vols to two National Championships. Professionally, Parker led three different teams to WNBA Titles (Los Angeles, Chicago, and Las Vegas), and she also won a Defensive Player of the Year Award, two MVPs, was a seven-time First Team All-WNBA, and went to seven WNBA All-Star Games. She also led the United States to two Olympic Gold Medals.
Doc Rivers (COA). Nominated for the second time, Rivers is the current Head Coach of the Milwaukee Bucks and holds an NBA Championship, having led the Boston Celtics to a title in 2008. A former Coach of the Year, Rivers was named one of the NBA’s 15 Greatest Coaches. He is also a former Head Coach of the Orlando Magic, the Los Angeles Clippers, and the Philadelphia 76ers, and is currently eighth all-time in Wins.
Kelvin Sampson (COA). Sampson first served as a Head Coach at Montana Tech, where he led his team to three Conference Tournament titles. Washington State later hired him and then hired him as the HC at Oklahoma, where he led the Sooners to a Final Four and four Big 12 Tournament championships. Currently, Sampson is the Head Coach at the University of Houston, where he has led the Cougars to two Final Fours. As of this writing, he has 808 wins.
Amar’e Stoudemire (PLA). Stoudemire was a six-time All-Star and five-time All-NBA Selection (one first Team and four Second Team) who had 15,994 Points and 6,632 Rebounds in a career with Phoenix, New York, Dallas, and Miami. After his NBA career ended, he moved to Israel and won two Premier League Titles.
Jerry Welsh (COA). Welsh was the Head Coach at SUNY Potsdam, where he had a record of 494-141 from 1968 to 1991 and won two National Championships in 1981 and 1986.
Buck Williams (PLA). Williams won the 1982 Rookie of the Year Award and was a three-time All-Star in his time with the New Jersey Nets. He also played for Portland and New York, was a four-time All-Defensive Selection (two First Team and two Second Team), and had 16,784 career Points and 13,017 Rebounds.
We here at Notinhalloffame would like to congratulate the candidates who have made it this far.
RocketPlay Casino structures its bonus packages with specific match percentages, expiration timelines, and game restrictions that directly determine whether promotional offers deliver actual value or merely create barriers to withdrawing funds. The platform’s game library combines slots, table games, and live dealers from multiple software providers, each carrying different return-to-player percentages that affect long-term profitability potential for different playing styles.
Welcome bonuses at RocketPlay typically offer a 100% deposit match up to $200 alongside free spins on designated slot games. These bonuses appear generous on the surface, but their actual value depends entirely on the wagering requirements attached, which require playing through the bonus amount 25 times before converting it to withdrawable cash. By accepting this bonus structure, you gain additional playing capital that extends your sessions but sacrifice the ability to withdraw money quickly since the playthrough obligation locks your funds during extended gameplay periods.
The bonus activation timeline matters significantly for your gaming strategy. Claiming your welcome offer immediately upon registration locks you into the 25x wagering requirement from day one, whereas delaying your bonus claim allows you to play with deposited funds first and decide later whether the bonus terms suit your bankroll. The main compromise of accepting bonuses is that in order to achieve higher promotional amounts, you must commit to playing through substantial multiples of the bonus before accessing any winnings.
Here is a detailed breakdown of the bonus tiers available on the platform:
|
Bonus Tier |
Match Percentage |
Maximum Amount |
Wagering Requirement |
Expiration Timeline |
|
First Deposit |
100% |
$200 |
25x bonus |
30 days |
|
Second Deposit |
75% |
$150 |
20x bonus |
21 days |
|
Third Deposit |
50% |
$100 |
18x bonus |
14 days |
|
Free Spins Bundle |
50 spins |
Variable winnings |
35x winnings only |
7 days |
Not all games contribute equally toward completing your wagering requirements, which significantly impacts how quickly you can finish your playthrough. Slot machines typically contribute 100% of your wagers toward the requirement, meaning every dollar spent counts fully. Table games like blackjack and roulette contribute only 20%, so wagering $100 on these games counts as just $20 toward your 25x requirement. By choosing to play table games during bonus playthrough, you inevitably sacrifice progress speed and must extend your gaming sessions substantially to meet the obligation.
The following list shows contribution rates for different game categories:
RocketPlay integrates games from 10 major software providers including established companies known for certified fair gaming. Each game displays its theoretical RTP percentage, which indicates the average amount returned to players over extended play. Slot machines average 95-97% RTP, meaning the house maintains a 3-5% advantage on these games. Table games like blackjack offer better odds at 98-99% RTP when played with optimal strategy, but require significantly more skill and decision-making compared to automated slot gameplay.
Volatility in slot games determines whether your winnings come from frequent small wins or rare large jackpots. High volatility slots might pay out once every 200 spins but deliver larger amounts, while low volatility slots pay smaller wins more frequently. By choosing high volatility games for bonus playthrough, you accept longer losing streaks and higher bankroll swings in exchange for the potential to complete requirements with fewer total spins if you hit winning combinations. This choice directly affects whether your bonus funds last long enough to satisfy playthrough obligations.
Live dealer games stream actual croupiers conducting games in real-time from broadcast studios, creating an experience closer to physical casinos. These games feature 97-98.5% RTP on average and allow strategic decision-making in games like blackjack and baccarat. The main compromise of live dealer gameplay is that you accept slower game speed compared to automated versions, with each hand or spin taking 30-60 seconds rather than completing instantly. Additionally, live dealers typically contribute only 15% toward bonus wagering, requiring significantly longer play sessions to complete your playthrough obligations.
Here are the key characteristics of live dealer offerings:
Maximum withdrawal caps apply specifically to winnings generated from bonus funds, with typical limits ranging from $500 to $1,000 depending on your bonus tier. This restriction means that even if you successfully complete your 25x wagering requirement and accumulate significant winnings, you cannot withdraw amounts exceeding these caps. By accepting bonuses, you inevitably sacrifice unlimited withdrawal potential on promotional funds in exchange for the initial capital boost.
Certain game categories may be entirely excluded from bonus playthrough, particularly progressive jackpot slots where the house edge works differently. Withdrawal requests triggered by bonus winnings undergo additional verification steps that can extend processing times beyond standard 24-hour periods to 48-72 hours.
Players with smaller bankrolls benefit more from lower bonus tiers with reduced wagering requirements, even though the absolute bonus amount is smaller. A $100 bonus with 18x wagering requires completing $1,800 in wagers, which is manageable for most play sessions. Conversely, the $200 bonus with 25x wagering demands $5,000 in total wagers, creating substantial risk of depleting your bankroll before completion if you experience normal variance.
RocketPlay Casino’s bonus structure delivers real value only when carefully matched to your playing style, preferred game categories, and available bankroll for completing requirements. Success depends on understanding that bonuses represent conditional funds rather than gifts, with completion obligations directly affecting your overall profitability.